| Fowler R H and Nordheim L 1928 Proc. R. Soc. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 119 173 |
| Charbonnier F 1996 Appl. Surf. Sci. 94-95 26 |
| Dangwal-Pandey A, Müller G, Reschke D and Singer X 2009 Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams 12 023501 |
| Crewe A V, Wall J D and Langmore J 1970 Science 168 1338 |
| Dwivedi N, Neeraj Dwivedi, Neeraj Dwivedi, Dhand C, Dhand C, Carey J D, Anderson E C, Kumar R, Srivastava A K, Srivastava A K, Srivastava A K, Srivastava A K, Malik H K, Saifullah M S M, Kumar S, Kumar S, Lakshminarayanan R, Ramakrishna S, Bhatia C S and Danner A J 2021 J. Mater. Chem. C 9 2620 |
| Li M, Shakoori M A, Wang R and Li H 2024 Chin. Phys. Lett. 41 016302 |
| Sun L, Zhai F, Cao Z, Huang X, Guo C, Wang H and Ni Y 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 056301 |
| Huang C K, Ou Y, Bie Y Q, Zhao Q and Yu D 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 263104 |
| Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Wang X and Wang Y 2020 Inorg. Chem. Front. 7 1034 |
| Chang T H P, Kern D P, Muray L P and Muray L P 1992 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 10 2743 |
| He H, She J C, She J, Huang Y, Deng S Z and Xu N 2012 Nanoscale 4 2101 |
| Wang Y, Pan J A, Wu H and Talapin D V 2019 ACS Nano 13 13917 |
| Colvin V L, Schlamp M C, A. P. Alivisatos, Alivisatos A P and Alivisatos A P 1994 Nature 370 354 |
| Lin K, Xing J, Sarkar N, Quan L N, de Arquer F P G, Gong X, Lu J, Xie L Q, Xie L, Zhao W, Zhang D, Yan C, Li W, Liu X, Yan Lu, Lu Y, Kirman J, Sargent E H, Xiong J, Xiong Q and Wei Z 2018 Nature 562 245 |
| Fakharuddin A, Gangishetty M K, Abdi-Jalebi M, Chin S H, Yusoff A B, Congreve D N, Tress W, Deschler F, Vasilopoulou M and Bolink H J 2022 Nat. Electron 5 203 |
| Ahmad M, Sun H and Zhu J 2011 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3 1299 |
| Grillo A, Barrat J, Barrat J, Galazka Z, Passacantando M, Ferrari A C, Giubileo F, Iemmo L, Luongo G, Urban F, Catherine Dubourdieu, Catherine Dubourdieu, Catherine Dubourdieu, Dubourdieu C and Di Bartolomeo A 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 193101 |
| Yoon I T, Cho H D, Li M, Hang N T, Hojamberdiev M and Yang W 2020 Appl. Surf. Sci. 501 144271 |
| Zhu Z Y, Sun Z, Zhou S D, Xu S, Li X, Li W, Wang L, Wong W Y, Yang W, Gao F and Chen S 2021 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. |
| Li X, Lou C, Li W, Wang L, Gao F, Shao G, Wong W Y, Chen S and Yang W 2021 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 3062 |
| Chen J, Yang B, Lim Y D, Duan W, Zhao Y, Tay B K and Yan X 2020 Nanotechnology 31 285701 |
| Grillo A, Passacantando M, Zak A, Pelella A and Di Bartolomeo A 2020 Small 16 2002880 |
| Wu H, Shen S, Xu X, Qiao C, Chen X, Li J, Li W and Ou-Yang W 2020 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 67 5138 |
| Chernozatonskii L A, Kosakovskaya Z Ya, Gulyaev Yu V, Sinitsyn N I, Torgashov G V and Zakharchenko Yu F 1996 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 14 2080 |
| Liu P, Liu P, Peng Liu, Jiang K,Wei Y, Liu X, Liu K, Liu L, Liang Liu, Fan S S and Fan S S 2010 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 28 736 |
| Zhang H, Li D, Li D, Wurz P, Cheng Y, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Sun J, Li G and Fausch R 2019 Materials 12 2937 |
| LingjieW, Zunxian Y, Jinyang L and Tai-liang G 2011 J. Semicond. 32 123001 |
| Garry S, McCarthy E, Mosnier J P and McGlynn E 2014 Nanotechnology 25 135604 |
| Chatterjee S, Kumar M, Pal A, Thakur I and Som T 2015 J. Mater. Chem. C 3 6389 |
| Kim W J, Lee J S, Lee S M, Song K Y, Song K Y, Chu C N and Kim Y H 2011 ACS Nano 5 429 |
| Lim Y D, Hu L, Xia X, Ali Z, Wang S, Tay B K, Aditya S and Miao J 2018 Nanotechnology 29 015202 |
| Powers M J, Benjamin M C, Porter L M, Nemanich R J, Davis R F, Cuomo J J, Doll G L and Harris S J 1995 Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 3912 |
| Chen Y, Zou J, Campbell S J and Le Caer G 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 2430 |
| Cumings J and Zettl A 2004 Solid State Commun. 129 661 |
| Song Y, Sun Y, Shin D H, Yun K N, Song Y H, Milne W I and Lee C J 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 163102 |
| Yun K N, Sun Y, Han J S, Song Y H and Lee C J 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 1562 |
| Karahka M and Kreuzer H J 2018 Mater. Charact. 146 319 |
| Fursey G N 2003 Appl. Surf. Sci. 215 113 |
| Blanco J M, Flores F and Pérez R 2006 Prog. Surf. Sci. 81 403 |
| Yuasa K, Shimoi A, Ohba I and Oshima C 2002 Surf. Sci. 520 18 |
| Edgcombe C J and Johansen A M 2003 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 21 1519 |
| Edgcombe C J 2002 Philos. Mag. B 82 1009 |
| Cutler P H, He J, Miskovsky N M, Sullivan T E and Weiss B L 1993 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 11 387 |
| Wang W, Peng J, Chen G, Deng S, Xu N and Li Z 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 104 034306 |
| Huang H, Li Z, Wang W and Chen G 2011 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 29 021802 |
| Mayer A, Chung M S, Kumar N, Weiss B L, Miskovsky N M and Cutler P H 2006 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 24 629 |
| Mayer A, Chung M S, Kumar N, Weiss B L, Miskovsky N M and Cutler P H 2007 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 25 109 |
| Geis M W, Deneault S, Krohn K E, Marchant M, Lyszczarz T M and Cooke D L 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 192115 |
| Silkin V M, Chulkov E V and Echenique P M 1999 Phys. Rev. B 60 7820 |
| Silkin V M, Zhao J, Guinea F, Chulkov E V, Echenique P M and Petek H 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 121408 |
| Dhanabalan S C, Ponraj J S, Guo Z, Li S, Bao Q and Zhang H 2017 Adv. Sci. 4 1600305 |
| Xiaozhi Bao, Bao X, Ou Q, Xu Z Q, Zhang Y, Bao Q and Zhang H 2018 Adv. Mater. Technol. 3 1800072 |
| Sreedhar A, Hoai Ta Q T and Noh J 2023 J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 127 1 |
| Muntwiler M, Zhu X and Zhu X Y 2008 New J. Phys. 10 113018 |
| Schouteden K and Van Haesendonck C 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 266805 |
| Damm A, Schubert K, Güdde J and Höfer U 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 205425 |
| Schubert K, Damm A, Eremeev S V, Sergey V. Eremeev, M. Marks, Marks M, Masahiro Shibuta, Shibuta M, Berthold W, Güdde J, Güdde J, Borisov A G, Tsirkin S S, Chulkov E V, Chulkov E V, Chulkov E V and Höfer U 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 205431 |
| Silkin V M, Lazić P, Došlić N, Petek H and Gumhalter B 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 155405 |
| David Nobis, Nobis D, Potenz M, Niesner D, Fauster Th and Fauster T 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 195435 |
| Craes F, Runte S, Klinkhammer J, Kralj M, Michely T and Busse C 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 056804 |
| Borca B, Castenmiller C, Tsvetanova M, Sotthewes K, Rudenko A N, Zandvliet H J W and Zandvliet H J W 2020 2D Mater. 7 035021 |
| Liu X, Wang L, Yakobson B I and Hersam M C 2020 ACS Nano Lett. 21 1169 |
| Yang R and Sun M T 2023 J. Mater. Chem. C 11 6834 |
| Barca G M J, Bertoni C, Carrington L, et al. 2020 J. Chem. Phys. 152 154102 |
| Lee C T, Yang W T and Parr R G 1988 Phys. Rev. B 37 785 |
| Becke A D 1993 J. Chem. Phys. 98 5648 |
| Wang H, Yin Y, Yang X, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Yan H, Wang Y and Huai P 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 026102 |
| Wang J S, Zeng Y Y, Zheng Z Y, Zhang L,Wang B, Yang Y Q and Sun C Q 2023 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 14 8555 |
| Lang N D and Kohn W 1973 Phys. Rev. B 7 3541 |
| Huang H M, Ding M Q, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ling Y Y, Wang W L and Zhang S L 2023 RSC Adv. 13 15148 |
| Mohammad Khazaei, Khazaei M, Khazaei M, Arai M, Sasaki T, Ranjbar A, Liang Y and Yunoki S 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 075411 |
| Tang N S, Yan X H and Ding J W 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 333 (in Chinese) |
| Benavente Llorente V, Vázquez C I, Burgos M A, Baruzzi A M and Iglesias R A 2019 Electrochimica Acta 319 990 |